The UN Conference on Environment and Development, also known as the Earth Summit, will be held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June. It establishes several important environmental agreements, including Agenda 21, and opens two multilateral treaties for signature: the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Since 1992, when the United Nations recognized climate change as a serious problem, negotiations between countries have resulted in remarkable agreements, including the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement. But leaders are struggling to maintain momentum and not slow the rise in global temperatures. The Paris Agreement is the culmination of a quarter-century of international climate diplomacy, launched with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. Here is a brief summary of the evolution of the global climate effort and the role of the United States. The text of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is adopted at the United Nations Headquarters in New York. It is the most important international treaty to reduce global warming and deal with the consequences of climate change. For the first time, binding gas emission reduction targets are set for industrialised countries.
In Durban, governments made a clear commitment to a new universal agreement on climate change by 2015 for the post-2020 term, in which all can play their part with all their strength and benefit together. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific and intergovernmental body under the auspices of the United Nations, which provides the world with a clear scientific view of the current state of knowledge on climate change and its possible environmental and socio-economic impacts. On 11 December 1997, at the Third Climate Change Conference (COP3), the Convention adopted the Kyoto Protocol. For the first time, an obligation has been imposed on the richest nations to reduce atmospheric CO2 emissions. The treaty required that average global emissions be reduced by 5% by the end of the period 2008-2012 compared to 1990 levels. The European Commission presents the Green Deal. The European climate law aims to make Europe climate neutral by 2050.